Italy, San Marino, Vatican

The Most Serene Republic of San Marino or San Marino (Italian: Serenissima Repubblica di San Marino or San Marino) is one of the smallest nations in the world. Located in southern Europe, it is an enclave of Italy, and is one of the European microstates. more...

San Marino is often claimed to be the oldest republic in the world. It was founded in 301 A.D. by Marinus from Rab, a Christian stonemason fleeing the religious persecution of Roman Emperor Diocletian.

History

According to legend, Marino left the island of Rab with his lifelong friend Leon and went to the town of Rimini, where he became a deacon to the bishop Gaudientium. After persecution because of his Christian sermons, he fled to the hill known as Titan, where he built a small church and thus founded what is now the city and the state of San Marino. The official date of foundation of the Republic is 3 September 301 AD. San Marino is thought by many to be Europe's oldest existing republic. The head of state is a committee (council) of two captains.

Politics

The Consiglio Grande e Generale ("Grand and General Council") is elected by popular vote every five years. This parliament selects two of its members to serve as Capitani Reggenti ("Ruling Captains") for periods of six months. The Capitani Reggenti and the cabinet form the executive branch of the government.

The Council also elects the Consiglio dei XII (Council of Twelve), which forms the judicial branch during the period of legislature of the Council.

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